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Construction is the broad process of building, assembling, and maintaining structures such as homes, offices, bridges, and roads. It is a vast industry that transforms raw land and materials into the built environment that surrounds us. The process is typically divided into three main sectors: residential construction (single-family homes and apartment buildings), commercial construction (offices, retail stores, and hotels), and civil or heavy engineering (roads, dams, tunnels, and airports). Each project begins with planning and design, carried out by architects and engineers, followed by the procurement of materials like concrete, steel, and lumber, and finally the physical on-site work managed by general contractors and skilled tradespeople such as carpenters, electricians, and plumbers.